Ibnu Sina: Pengamat Transit Venus Pertama Di Dunia

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Selain Gerhana Matahari dan Bulan Ternyata Juga Ada Gerhana Venus di Bulan Juni 2012

Seruu.com - Fenomena yang sangat langka akan kembali terjadi pada 6 Juni 2012 mendatang. Fenomena tersebut adalah transit planet venus atau disebut juga gerhana planet venus. Fenomena langka ini biasanya terulang kembali sekitar 100 tahun ke depan.

Selama satu abad, transit venus hanya terjadi dalam dua pekan, di abad ini transit venus dapat diamati di tahun 2004 silam dan tahun 2012 ini.

Transit venus terjadi karena posisi matahari, venus dan bumi berada dalam satu garis lurus ditinjau dari semua arah, di mana venus berada di tengah-tengah. Hampir mirip dengan gerhana matahari hanya saja posisi bulan digantikan dengan planet venus.

Pengamatan transit venus pertama kali dilakukan oleh Astronom Persia yaitu Ibnu Sina pada 24 Mei 1032 Masehi menjelang terbenam matahari, kemudian disusun pengamatan pada 5 Desember 1639, 6 Juni 1761, 4 Juni 1769, 9 Desember 1874, 7 Desember 1882 dan terakhir 8 Juni 2004.

“Di Indonesia pengamatan transit venus dilakukan selama tiga kali dari delapan transit venus yang pernah diamati oleh manusia, dua kali dilakukan pada zaman Hindia Belanda pada tahun 1761 dan 1769 oleh Johann Mauritz Mohr, dan satu kali pengamatan pada tahun 2004 oleh para astronom dari observatorium Bosccha Bandung, Planetarium Jakarta dan Yogyakarta dan sejumlah titik pengamatan lainnya,” tulis laman kafeastronomi.com

Bagi dunia ilmu pengetahuan, transit venus sarat dengan nilai historis dan fungsi edukatif misalnya guna penentuan jarak sebenarnya antara bumi dan matahari.

Fenomena ini dapat disaksikan di seluruh wilayah Indonesia, mulai puku 05.09 wib hingga pukul 11.49 wib.

Secara kasat mata pada tanggal 6 Juni 2012 matahari mungkin tidak ada perbedaan dengan keadaan biasanya, namun bila menggunakan teleskop maupun binocular yang sudah dilengkapi filter matahari akan tampak bintik bulat di sekitar permukaan matahari. Itulah planet Venus.

Namun, pengamatan transit venus akan lebih optimal bilamana kita memiliki teleskop maupun binocular yang sudah dilapisi filter matahari. Diperkirakan transit venus baru akan terjadi pada tahun 2117. [ndis]

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Does the Sun move around the Milky Way?

وَالشَّمْسُ تَجْرِي لِمُسْتَقَرٍّ لَهَا ذَلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ
Question:

Does the Sun move around the Milky Way?


Answer:

Yes, the Sun - in fact, our whole solar system - orbits around the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. We are moving at an average velocity of 828,000 km/hr. But even at that high rate, it still takes us about 230 million years to make one complete orbit around the Milky Way!

The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy. We believe that it consists of a central bulge, 4 major arms, and several shorter arm segments. The Sun (and, of course, the rest of our solar system) is located near the Orion arm, between two major arms (Perseus and Sagittarius). The diameter of the Milky Way is about 100,000 light-years and the Sun is located about 28,000 light-years from the Galactic Center. You can see a drawing of the Milky Way below which shows what our Galaxy would look like "face-on" and the direction in which it would spin as viewed from that vantage point. Also shown, is the location of the Sun in the big picture view of our Galaxy.



It is interesting to note that recent observations by astronomers suggest that the Milky Way is in fact a "barred spiral galaxy", not just a "spiral galaxy". This means that rather than a simple spherical bulge of gas and stars at its center, it has instead a "bar of stars" crossing the central bulge. It might look something like the image shown below of the barred spiral galaxy known as NGC1073. But we still rotate around the center just the same!

The Occult Numerology of 2012 and Illuminati Deception!

Most people around the earth still view the disasters of 9-11, the earthquakes, airplane deaths, the death of popular people such as Michael Jackson as a part of life, it just happens. The Terrorists did it—9-11, “God” is causing the earthquakes—Haiti, an airplane malfunction—AF447. However, very few people are aware, nor do people consider the numerology behind the Illuminati of the Occult and the usage of Black Magic.

Please note: this article is not about the belief in the Occult, it is about the numerology and how the combined powers of the darkness use the numerology of the Occult to accomplish its agenda. The Occult does exist and is a very powerful entity for the governments and its agencies, secret societies, masonry, and all offshoots of the powers of the darkness. This can scare many people, but just understanding that the Occult uses numerology and symbolism all over the world can assist to comprehending the agenda of the NWO.

From researching the prime numbers of the occult in relation to 2012, there is a paramount reason why the world is popularizing the date of 12/21 2012 and the time 11:11. Without understanding the number system of the occult religion, the numbers of 2012 look innocent, we indeed don’t view the number 666 within the date. Well, this post will analyze the numbers of 12/21 2012 11:11.

The Numbers of the Serpent Occult Religion.

The most venerated occult numbers are: 3, 6, 9, 11, 13, and multiples thereof, especially 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77. A triplication of numbers is also considered sacred (possibly even more sacred) to the occultist: 111, 222, 333, and so fourth. The number 5 is the number of Death; also, an extremely scared number is the double 11, as in 11:11, or 11/11/11.

The number 7 and 12 are also an extremely important number universally. Seven is a number of complement and is considered a Divine number. Seven days in a week, seven colors to the rainbow. The occult will also use this number 7, but their favorite numbers are 11 and 6. The occult avoids using the numbers and multiplications of 4, 8, 10, and 12, unless they correlate with their numbers.

The 2012 Numerology?

The winter solstice in 2012 will occur 12/21 2012 and at 11:11 universal time.
The time is 11:11 that adds to 22.

The entire date: 12/21/2012 = 1+2+2+1+2+0+1+2= 11!
The date according to the Occult is really 11:11:11.

WOW, that means the date and time correlates with the triple power sacred number of 11:11:11.
The number 11 correlates with the letter K as in KKK = 11:11:11.
1+1+1+1+1+1 = 6; 11+11+11 = 33.

Also, 6+6 = 12, 3×7 = 21; the day and month 12/21 or, = 1+2+2+1 = 6 which adds 666 to the mix, from the month of 12.
The day of 21 is a multiple of 7×3 that signifies a time of complement.
2+1+2 = 5, the number of death; the year 2012. But, not the “end of the world” but the death of an old age into a new—the new world order.

All the numbers of the Occult are related to 2012; 3, 5, 6, 7, 11, 22, and 33 = 11:11:11.

So the day and month relate to 6 and to 666 (covertly), the year relates to 5 (death), and the time of the solstice relates to the power number of 11 doubled (activation). And, the day relates to 7 (time of complement). And, most importantly the entire dates adds to 11 that creates the triple 11:11:11 and adds to 33 (Illuminati Mason Pyramid of the 33*).

All the numbers of the Occult are involved with the 2012 syndrome. But, what is the meaning, and the deception behind 2012?

11:11

11:11 signifies the activation of a “new beginning”. Aquarius is associated with the astrological 11th house, the “water bearer”, a possibility of entering into the “Age of Aquarius”. The current age of Pisces, the two fish, possibly representing the battle between the darkness and the light of the last two thousand years. The Occult Serpent religion views a “death” and a new beginning as very important. Throughout the centuries the fertility worship of the spring equinox has held in place that dates all the way back to Sumer of 3500 BCE. Considering this history, the death of an old age, into a new age is extremely important, and this age will be the age of the dominance of the New World Order and the rise of the occult agenda. So considering the occult numerology about 12/21/2012 11:11, or more importantly, 11:11:11, we can be assured that startling events will take place around this time.

2012 and 666

Using the numbers of 2012 dividing by 666, the number is 3.021021021021. 2+1 = 3, the prime numbers of the Occult.
2012 divide 6 = 335.33333333.

2012-666 = 1346; Interesting, the date when the black death plague began. In Europe the date of the Black Death is said to have commenced between 1346 and 1348 from many different sources. Even of the plague started in Europe in 1347, the virus migrated from the East.

Let’s go back further, 1346-666=680.
October 10 680 CE: or 22nd Safar, 61 Hijra [680 CE].
Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, was decapitated by forces under Caliph Yazid I. This is commemorated by Shi’a Muslims as Aashurah. The event caused a division of Islam.
10/10=11, 6+8=14 a multiple of 7, 22nd Safar = a double 11, and 61 Hijra 6+1=7, which signifies a completed agenda.

And further yet: 680-666=14.
14 CE is the year the Augustus died, the Roman Ruler of 40 years (possibly murdered) on 8/19, 14 CE
8+1+9=18 which correlates with 666.
14 CE = 1+4=5, the number of death, or 1-4=3. It is said he died at 3.00pm which is 1500 = 3×5=15 or 1+5=6, but we don’t know if that was universal time.
The people of the Roman Empire worshipped Augustus as a god, including after his death.

11 Correlates with the letter K.

Before 12/21 2012 11:11 occurs, the date 11/11/11 will present itself. Correlating with the letters KKK.
Thus, while 11 is very important, multiplication’s are also important, such as 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, and 99. If you multiply 1111 by 1111 you get 1234321, representing a pyramid, and number 11 is a sacred number of the pyramid with the proportions of the great pyramid being of the ratio 7:11. So 11/11/11 which in on a friday will occur, and 12/21 2012 11:11, which correlates with 11:11:11 which is also on a friday the 6th day of the week according to the western calendar.

The Occult Satanists believe that a carefully planned event must be carried out according to the correct numbers, or it may not be successful. They go to great lengths to make an event occur according to the correct numbers. 11 is the essence of all that is sinful, harmful, and imperfect.

9-11 caused dramatic change and initiation of a war 11-01 = 111. It also transpires that 111 in numerology is a ‘power number’ related to fresh modes of thinking applied to new cycles in life‘s play. 111111 maybe a super power number doubling 111. 11/11/11 = KKK.

Take note, possibly nothing will occur on 11/11/11, although something occurring around this date is possible. Nothing occurred on 6/6/6. Occult behavior is based on deception and covert action.

November 1st is called “all saints day” or All Hallows, just after the Halloween (Hallows Eve) celebration where people put on masks, which is the celebration of the master (Baal) of the Lower Entities.

10/31 = 1+3+1 = 5, five is the number of death that correlates to Baal’s death of the spirit, and demotion (or new life) into the darkness. November 1st is a major day for the Occult, 11/1 = 111.

Understanding the importance and perception of how the Occult values “Death” and “New Life” is pivotal to understanding the agenda of the combined powers of the darkness.

The number 11 is extremely significant in 9-11; you can visit the Cutting Edge.org for more information on the numerology of 9-11.

2018: The Complete of 70 years of Jewish Exile.

With so much focus on 2012, the date of 2018 is pushed into oblivion. 2018 is the 70 year complement of the Jewish exile—defining as—possessing a nation but no temple. For more information on this subject you can visit Time Table of the Antichrist.

May 14, 1948 the Jews proclaimed independence. 5 can stand alone, 1+4 = 5; 1+9+4+8=22, or add the entire date 5+5+22 = 33.
33 and 22 are the power numbers of 11. So two power numbers that relate to 11 from the date Israel proclaimed Independence.
The month of 5 may signify death—defining as death of the old and the 11′s signifies activation of a new birth.
The day 14 is a multiple of 7 that signifies a time of complement.

Israel’s flag is the six pointed star, or two pyramids, one standing upright and the other facing downward, the symbolism of the Occult such as the back of the American One Dollar Bill.

1948-2018 = 70 a time of complement correlates with exile of 586 BCE.

2018 = 2+1+8 = 11; The year of 18 = 6+6+6
2018 divide by 666 = 3.03003003003.
2018 divide by 6 = 336.33333333, instead of a 5 as in 2012 divide 6, there is the 6 with all 3′s.

Counting 2013 through 2018 = 6 years.

2018 is more of a significant date than 2012, but since 2012, possibly, is the death of an old age and birth into a new age, the occult is popularizing the event. In doing so, 2018 is pushed aside. The movie, The Terminator that debuted in 1984, and since then created three more movies, coined 2018 as judgment day. Yet, within the context of the movie “the judgment day” was only a beginning, this context may correlate with 2012.

From 9-11 destruction 9/11/2001 to 12/21/2012 = 11 years and 101 days, From 9/11/2012 to 12/21/2012, began counting on the 9/12 equals 101 days. 11 years and 101 days = 11:11 the power number of 22.

1111 days before the 2012 solstice is the date 6-12-09. The fact that 6, 9, and 12 are sequential multiples of 3 of perhaps the most highly regarded number of the date is 3 can be a notable fact or the power number of 33 = 11:11:11 the occult date of 12/21/2012 11:11.

The number 11 link returns when we divide 33 by 3 which of course give us 11 once again.

In 1991/1992 the number 11:11 was issued to humanity as an activation number. The 9-11 destruction of the twin towers in New York activated the preparation era pointing the activation of the New World Order—the new age.

When we review the way in which the attacks of 9/11 occurred by the “11′s” and review the significance of “11″ in history there should be no doubt that 12/21 2012 11:11 is a significant date. The Twin Towers symbolized the number 11.

9-11 activated the preparation stage of the New World Order. 11 years and 101 days = 11:11, to 12/21/2012. 2012 is the activation key to the reality of the New World Order.

The Possibilities of Deception and the Reality?

The Deception of 2012 is propaganda of an ideology from the occult that the world media is teaching. The truth to unravel is the occult definition of “end-of-the-world saga”, or an “awakening”. The occult definition is the old system of government duality into the beginning of the New World Order, and possibly the Age of Aquarius—the reference is of death and rebirth. The mind-set to to cause fear and panic and deluded humanity from the true agenda. From the numerology that is presented—the occult is using 2012 as an beginning to their “New Age” of fascist domination of the New World Order, however; the illuminati could cause a false reality that perceives that the world will end, but then generate a “savior”and strong possibly of an alien presence. Producing an alien savior, then causing manipulation between the aliens and humans that generates are war is highly possible—then the Antichrist can arrive and save the world from the alien war, although the entire situation is staged. Then in 2018, the end of the 70 year exile, the Jews can build their temple (or possibly before), because the aliens will have bombed the temple area. The New World Order will be in full swing establishing their “One God” the antichrist, and possibly the complement date could be 2020.

A Possible Theory Of 2020: Time Of Complement?

2020 = 22—a power number of 11.
By counting 2013 through 2019, but not counting 2020 = 7.
2020 divide 6 = 336.666666
2020 divide 666 = 3.033033033033

Defining the Numerology of 2012

There should be no doubt that 12/21 2012 11:11 is a doorway to the beginning of the Age of Aquarius and the New World Order. The Delusion of the New Age Movement was designed to deceive spiritual seekers from the truth. The truth of the matter is that “the change of age” will be the powers of the darkness dominating and enslaving humanity. It is a New Age for the Illuminati and the combined powers of the darkness. The New Age perception of “ascending or awakening” is a delusional form of deception; the awakening will be the separation of the light from the darkness. The ideology of the New Age syndrome is deceptive falsehood. The Age of Aquarius is negative for this earth, however; for the people that are truly spiritually awake this change is positive because it means freedom from the clutches of the darkness. The separation of the light from the darkness will require death for people with a disposition to the light, but through that death the person will be saved from the enslavement of the darkness and enter the kingdom of the light: the only requirement is Faith.

The Latest Earthquakes

2010 = 3
Haiti Earthquake: 1/12 at 21:53 UTC
Most likely they didn’t want to make it that obvious to have it occur on 1/11.
Date, 1+12 = 13, Time,  2+1+5+3 = 11, adding the year of  3 = 15 which correlates with 3×5 = 15; the number 5 is of death.
Chile Earthquake: 2/27, 2010, at 06:34:14 UTC
Date, 2+2+7 = 11, Adding the year,  2010 = 3 = 11:3 or 1+1+3 = 5.
Time, 6+3+4 = 13 or adding the seconds, 6+3+4+1+4 = 18 = 6+6+6 = 666.
Turkey Earthquake: 3/8 at 2:32:35 UTC
Date, 3+8 = 11, Time,  2+3+2 = 7, adding the seconds, 2+3+2+3+5 = 15, 15 is a multiple of 3×5 = 15 and 5 is the number of death.
The number 7 can be used, but it seems like the preference is 11.

This earthquake list continues and the correlation with the numbers of the Occult.

The Numerology Of Michael Jackson’s Death.

6/25 2009,   6 can stand alone, 2+5 = 7, or 6+2+5 = 13. The year 2+9 = 11
Michael Jackson was pronounced dead at 21:26 UTC.
2+1+2+6 = 11. MJ was a summer solstice sacrifice for the darkness. The combined powers of the darkness thrive and gain energy from the emotional energetic attachment of humanity. It was the same case with Princes Diana; a major outcry of grief, sorrow, depression, sadness, and anger of the collective consciousness of humanity sends emotional energy to the powers of the darkness.

Try deciphering the Numbers of Apollo 11.

Departure Date: 06/16 1969 Time: 09:32 GMT.
Landing Date: 06/24 1969 Time: 12:50:35,
Flight Time: 8.14 days.
Craft: Apollo 11.

D-Day: 6/6/1944 = 1+9+4+4 = 18 which is a multiple of 6 = 666

Leo, over at Leonoury puts together the Occult numbers and the crash of Air France Flight 447 that killed 228 people.

Startling Review Of Use Of “11″ In History

Common Themes: War, Violence, Struggle.

The below information is copied and edited from the Cutting Edge.org.

When the Illuminati ended the First World War, they had just successfully completed the first war of the occult plan to produce the Antichrist. Thus, they deliberately ended World War One on the 11th Month [November], the 11th Day, at the 11th hour. The signing of the Armistice agreement was thus undergirded by three elevens!
When the Illuminati assassinated President Kennedy, he was killed according to the occult number signature of eleven [11]. He was killed in the 11th month, on the 22nd day, and on the 33rd parallel. He was also killed in the Masonic Dealey Plaza.

1. September 11, 1609 — The explorer Henry Hudson sailed into New York harbor and discovered Manhattan Island and the Hudson River, the very location on which the Twin Towers were constructed!
2. September 11, 1941 — Construction officially began at the Pentagon. [Ibid.] Thus, 60 years later to the day, the Pentagon is attacked. The number “6″ is an important number to the occultist. The number of man is “6″; the number of man’s “perfect” government is “66″ and the number of the perfect leader of all time is “666″.
3. September 11, 1972 — The world was introduced to terrorism at the 1972 Munich Olympic Games. . There were 121 participating countries (11X11=121), and 11 Israeli athletes were killed. Exactly 29 years (2+9=11) after this terrorist horror ended, another more despicable horror occurred – the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks.
4. September 11, 1772 — About 300 Indians and 50 British soldiers began the siege of Fort Henry. Researchers and historians of this siege are puzzled by the meaning of a comment in a document describing these events. It was recorded in a letter written by Lydia Cruger (11 letters), and it seems a fitting comment to this section. She wrote, “The siege commenced about sun an hour high, Monday, 11th, at all events, the 11th.” [Ibid.]
5. September 11, 1776 — A failed peace conference with the British was held. The war that had begun on April 19, 1776 [the first day of the 13-day Satanic celebration, "The Bloody Sacrifice of the Beast"] continued. [Ibid.] After the fall of New York to the British, a Peace
Conference was held between General Howe and three prominent representatives of the Continental Congress – Benjamin Franklin, John Adams and Edward Rutledge. After taking the Americans key city, Howe thought he was entitled to a peace settlement. The Americans, having declared independence in July, considered separation from England as non-negotiable. The conference of Sept. 11, 1776, ended and the war continued for seven years.
6. September 11, 1777 — The first day the American flag was used in battle at the Battle of Brandywine. [Ibid.] The British defeated the Americans, led by George Washington, but Old Glory flew for the first time!
7. September 11, 1922 — Despite Arab protests, a British mandate is proclaimed in Palestine on September 11, 1922. The mandate came into effect at the end of September 1922. [Ibid.] Not only was this proclamation made on a September 11, but the year formed a twice “11″ — (11×2)
8. September 11, 1941 — The US 1st Army crosses the border into German territory. Also, the Quebec Conference was held between England’s Prime Minister, Winston Churchill. [Ibid.]
9. September 11, 1973 — Chilean President Salvador Allende is killed in a brutal, violent military coup led by General Augusto Pinochet. [Ibid.] Henry Kissinger was strongly implicated in this attack, and if he were to ever stand trial in an International Court, he would be charged with masterminding this coup and ordering the assassination of Allende. [" The Latest Kissinger Outrage: Why is a proven liar and wanted man in charge of the 9/11 investigation?", by Christopher Hitchens, November 27, 2002] Copied from  http://adventofdeception.com/occult-numerology-2012/

The “Extreme SuperMoon” Approach for March 19 2011

he word “SuperMoon” is a term coined by Richard Nolle over 30 years ago. The last Supermoon occurred betweenFebruary 12-21 2011. On Feburary 22 2011, The Christchruch earthquake practically destroyed the city in New Zealand that occurred on a prime occult date of 22222 that can breakdown into11:11:11:11:11.






On March 19th is the closest (extreme) SuperMoon of the year, the last Extreme SuperMoon was January 30, 2010. Several news articles are reading into this “Extreme SuperMoon” event. Sky-gazers may be able to experience a “lunar perigee,” where they can see the moon at its brightest and largest in the sky during this year, and some sources say the moon will be closest to the earth in the last 18/19 years .

Just 221, 567 miles (356,578km) away, the moon will be closest to Earth than it has ever been since 1992, reported the British Daily Mail newspaper, Tuesday. Its “apogee” is 405,696km.

There are 5 SuperMoons during 2011 with one more Extreme to occur:

• February 12 2011 Spanning up to the 21st
• March 19 2011
• April 18 2011
• September 27 2011 = 13
• November 25 2011

Also note: April 18 2011: Mars-Saturn Opposition

The prime Occult Holiday of the Year is 4/20

SuperMoons are noteworthy for their close association with extreme title forces that can cause severe storms, powerful earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions. The enire natural whorl surges and spasms under the sway of the SuperMoon Alignment within three days either way.

March 22 2011 is a major Occult date that adds to 11 this year and 3 days after the SuperMoon Extreme.

More recently, there was the February 28, 2010 SuperMoon, which well illustrates the storm and seismic potential associated with this alignment. As described in my 2010 World Forecast Highlights, the geocosmic shock window associated with the February 28 SuperMoon ran “from February 25 through March 3,” signaling a “newsworthy upsurge in moderate-to-severe seismic activity (including magnitude 5+ earthquakes and volcanic eruptions), plus strong storms with damaging winds and heavy precipitation; along with extreme high tides.” My forecast described the alignment as “global in scope by definition,” but with “special risk zones” including “west-central South America.” If you don’t remember it, Google the freakish combination of a monster megathrust 8.8-magnitude earthquake in Chile, a Pacific tsunami, the “snow hurricane” in the Northeastern US, and hurricane-force killer winds in France – all happening at once on February 27.

Primary Source AstroPro

Next SuperMoon is on April 18, Also on April 18—Mars-Saturn Opposition, The prime Occult Holiday of the Year is 4/20

The Illuminati Occult works in the format of Geometry, Symbolism, and Numerology. The Alignment of the Planets of our galaxy participates within a vital roll concerning the Global Economy, Weather Patterns, and violence of humanity. The Lower Entities and Human Occult cohorts manipulate by using the power of the universe especially when the dates relate to occult numerology.

This year staring on October 28 the earth will experience a Mars Maximum that will span into the summer of 2012. In addition to 6 eclipse with the first one occurring on the Date of January 4 2011 when the fish and bird death began, ironic wouldn’t you say?
Copied from http://adventofdeception.com/extreme-supermoon-march-19/

Mengenal Planet Merah

Kafe Astronomi.Erni latifah. 

Planet Mars adalah planet keempat dalam Tata Surya, yang sekaligus menjadi planet kedua terdekat dengan bumi setelah Venus. Nama Mars diambil dari nama dewa orang Romawi yang memiliki arti Dewa Perang. Sementara itu dari penamaan lain, Mars juga menjadi icon gender laki-laki serta kemudaan.

Planet Mars memiliki periode orbit 687 hari bumi, artinya dalam satu kali putaran orbit terhadap matahari, atau dapat dikatakan satu tahun di Mars akan sama dengan 1 tahun 320 hari 18,2 jam di bumi. Jika dibandingkan dengan bumi, ukuran Mars lebih kecil dengan jari-jarinya yang hanya setengah dari jari-jari bumi.

Jika dilihat dari bumi, Mars akan tampak berwana kemerahan. Memang tidak salah, karena pada kenyataannya permukaan Mars didominasi oleh warna merah sebagai akibat dari tanahnya yang banyak mengandung besi (III) oksida (FE3O2). Permukaan mars memiliki konfigurasi yang beragam, seperti kawah, gunung berapi, kawah yang curam, palung, lembah, gurun, dan lapisan es. Namun demikian konfigurasi paling menarik dari permukaan mars ini adalah gunung-gunung apinya yang menjulang tinggi. Bahkan salah satu gunungapinya bernama Olympus Mons merupakan gunung tertinggi di tata surya. Jika dibandingkan dengan gunung tertinggi di bumi, maka dibutuhkan tiga Mount Everest untuk menyamai ketinggian Olympus Mons. Gunung-gunung tertinggi di Mars ini dapat dijumpai di dekat dataran tinggi Tharsis seperti Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons dan Arsia Mons.

Gunung-gunung di dataran tinggi tharsis planet mars

Selain gunung tertinggi, Mars juga mempunyai ngarai terbesar di Tata Surya yaitu Valles Marineris dengan ukuran panjang 4000 Km, lebar 200 km dan kedalaman 7 km. Planet ini merupakan planet yang berbatuan dengan dengan tutupan es di kedua kutubnya. Serta atmosfer tipis yang terdiri dari karbon dioksida 95%, nitrogen 3% dan 1,6% argon.

Valles Marineris. Image courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech

Planet merah ini memiliki beberapa kemiripan dengan bumi, seperti kemiringan sumbu planet, memiliki dua kutub yang memiliki lapisan es, serta beberapa mineral penyusun tanahnya. Kemiringan sumbu planet sekitar 25,2 derajat menjadikan musim di mars hampir sama dengan musim di bumi, hanya saja masa siklus musim di mars bisa dua kali lebih lama dari pada di bumi, karena jarak mars terhadap matahari lebih jauh dari pada jarak bumi-matahari.

Kutub Utara yang kaya akan lapisan es

Dalam perjalanannya mengorbit Matahari, Mars memiliki dua satelit alami yakni Phobos dan Deimos. Phobos adalah satelit urutan pertama sekaligus terbesar dan terdekat dengan planet Mars. Sedangkan Deimos adalah satelit terluar dan terkecil yang dimiliki Mars. Dilihat dari penamaannya, Phobos mempunyai arti kepanikan atau ketakutan, sedangkan Deimos mempunyai arti terror atau kematian. Jika dilihat dari fisiografis kedua planet ini satelit Phobos cenderung lebih kasar dari pada permukaan di satelit Deimos.

Satelit Alam Phobos yang cenderung permukaan nya berkawah dibanding satelit alam deimos

Lintang Kemukus di Pagi Hari

Kafe Astronomi. Ma'ruf Sudibyo .Lintang kemukus adalah istilah lain bagi bintang berekor alias komet, benda langit anggota tata surya yang unik karena nampak memiliki ekor bercahaya gemerlap. Menjelang tutup tahun 2011, dunia digemparkan dengan kemunculan komet Lovejoy, satu-satunya komet berukuran kecil yang sejauh ini diketahui selamat dari terjangan panas dan angin Matahari meski melintas sangat dekat terhadap bintang tersebut.

Selepas melintasi perihelionnya pada Jumat pagi 16 Desember 2011 waktu Indonesia, komet Lovejoy menjadi komet paling terang di tahun 2011 karena bisa disaksikan di siang hari bolong dalam keadaan Matahari benderang. Pada puncaknya komet ini memiliki tingkat terang setara dengan planet Venus. Namun terlalu dekatnya posisinya terhadap Matahari membuat pengamatan terhadapnya musykil dilakukan tanpa menggunakan alat bantu optik serta teknik khusus. Pada saat itu komet masih bisa disaksikan dari belahan Bumi utara sehingga sejumlah astronom dari California (AS) dan Breit-sur-Roya (Perancis) sempat mengabadikannya.

Komet Lovejoy, diabadikan oleh Vincent Jacques (Perancis) di siang bolong 17 Desember 2011 dengan teknik khusus.

Seiring kian menjauhnya komet dari Matahari, komet Lovejoy berubah menjadi lintang kemukus di pagi hari yang hanya bisa diamati setiap menjelang Matahari terbit dan hanya bisa disaksikan dari belahan Bumi selatan saja, termasuk sebagian kawasan Indonesia. Sayangnya, seiring terbentuknya sel bertekanan rendah di sebelah utara Papua yang kemudian berkembang menjadi topan Washi, udara Indonesia turut terpengaruh sehingga gumpalan awan merata dimana-mana, yang amat menyulitkan untuk mengamati komet ini. Hanya dari Australia-lah, disusul Amerika selatan dan Afrika bagian selatan, laporan demi laporan pengamatan komet ini berdatangan.

Komet Lovejoy, diabadikan oleh satelit STEREO pada 19 Desember 2011. Nampak terjadi perubahan radikal pada ekor komet

Empat hari setelah melintas sangat dekat dengan Matahari, komet mengalami perubahan dramatis. Satelit STEREO mendeteksi adanya pelepasan massa dalam jumlah besar dari komet. Massa tersebut kemudian membentuk ekor yang lebih tebal dan lebih terang dibanding sebelumnya. Fenomena serupa juga teramati teleskop robotik FRAM (Argentina). Bahkan FRAM memperlihatkan inti komet tidak lagi bulat, melainkan mem`njang menyerupai batang. Muncul dugaan kalau komet sedang mengalami proses penghancuran-diri. Ini mengejutkan sebab peristiwa tersebut seharusnya terjadi tatkala komet melintas sangat dekat terhadap Matahari pada 16 Desember 2011. Namun bagaimana kelanjutan proses penghancuran-diri ini belum jelas, pun demikian mekanisme penyebabnya. Yang jelas terlalu dekatnya perihelion komet memberikan pengaruh besar, yang membuat aktivitas pelepasan gas dan debu lebih besar ketimbang sebelum melintasi perihelion.

Komet Lovejoy diabadikan dari fasilitas teleskop robotik FRAM (Argentina) 20 Agustus 2011. Nampak bentuk inti telah berubah memanjang, indikasi terjadinya penghancuran-diri.

Apapun yang terjadi, peristiwa ini menjadikan ekor komet cukup terang. Laporan dari selatan menyatakan ekor komet Lovejoy demikian terangnya sehingga mudah disaksikan mata tanpa menggunakan alat bantu apapun. Ekor nampak melebar dan dapat dibedakan sengan jelas antara ekor gas dan ekor debu. terang dan lebarnya ekor sebanding dengan yang diperlihatkan komet McNaught lima tahun silam, komet paling terang dalam empat dasawarsa terakhir. Komet bahkan dapat dilihat dengan amat jelas dari stasiun antariksa internasional (ISS) yang saat itu sedang melayang di atas Tasmania (Australia).

Kome Lovejoy diabadikan Colin Legg di muara sungai Mandurah, Australia Barat pada 23 Desember 2011 jelang fajar

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Komet Lovejoy, diabadikan dari observatorium ESO di Paranal, Gurun Atacama (Chile)

Komet Lovejoy bakal mencapai jarak terdekatnya dengan Bumi pada 7 Januari 2012 mendatang. Meski disebut terdekat, namun senyatanya jarak antara Bumi dan komet Lovejoy saat itu mencapai 75 juta km alias dua kali lipat lebih jauh dibanding jarak orbit Bumi ke orbit Venus. Pada saat itu komet sudah berjarak cukup jauh terhadap Matahari, yakni lebih jauh ketimbang jarak Matahari-Venus. Pada umumnya kian menjauh sebuah komet dari Matahari, kian mengecil pula tingkat pelepasan gas dan debu, sehingga kian redup pula komet yang bersangkutan. Pada saat itu posisi komet sebenarnya sudah cukup tinggi di langit timur jelang Matahari terbit. Namun dengan meredupnya komet, kesempatan untuk menyaksikannya dengan mata tanpa bantuan alat optik apapun menjadi memudar.

Komet Lovejoy, diabadikan dari stasiun antariksa internasional

Komet Lovejoy diabadikan dari stasiun ruang angkasa internasional (ISS).